By insulating flange at the junction between the new and old pipe, the long line galvanic cell is "broken up" - the anode (new pipe) is electrically separated from the cathode (old pipe).

在新、旧管子连接处安装绝缘法兰，破坏了长管道的原电池，即：阳极(新管子)和阴极(旧管子)间电断路。

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Today's electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve electrically, but they do so indirectly because they are separated from the auditory-nerve fibres by fluid and a bony wall.

ECONOMIST: Cochlear implants