A number of cities across the US have passed ordinances eliminating rodeo's tools of torture -- the electric prod, spurs and the flank strap -- all of which use pain to force the animals to "perform."

美国的许多城市已经通过了淘汰残酷的牛仔竞技秀工具的法案，这些工具包括：电棒、马刺和侧腹带- 这些工具均利用动物的疼痛来强迫它们“表演”。

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The most famous is the electric eel, which a colleague of Markham’s termed “a frog with a cattle prod attached, ” but most animals use the electrical signals in more subtle ways.

马克汉姆的一位同事将之称为“长着赶牛棒的青蛙”。 不过，大多数动物以更加微妙的方式使用电信号。

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Virginia-based OPower has won many contracts with utilities, such as San Francisco-based Pacific Gas and Electric, to use personalized data, competition and even social media to prod consumers into cutting their electricity consumption.

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