abstract:In physics (specifically, in kinetic theory) the Einstein relation (also known as Einstein–Smoluchowski relationIntroduction to Nanoscience by Stuart Lindsay, p243, google books link) is a previously unexpected connection revealed independently by Albert Einstein in 1905 and by Marian Smoluchowski in 1906 in their papers on Brownian motion. The more general form of the equation isMolecular Driving Forces: Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry and Biology by Dill and Bromberg google books link