Early scholars paid more attention to the efficiency of scale and scope of efficiency, While recently the scholars pay more attention to the X-efficiency.

早期学者的研究多关注规模效率和范围效率，而近期学者们对X效率给予了更多的关注。

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The basic goal of capital incremental operation is the value increase for capitals, and its concrete goal is to raise efficiency of scale of economy, and to raise potential economic efficiency.

资本增量经营的根本目标是资本增值；具体目标是提高规模经济效益、技术进步经济效益和潜在经济效益。

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All this is inevitably expensive, but Mrs Cheung insists that greater scale creates greater efficiency and reduces the cost per unit of output.

这一切必定花费高昂，但张女士坚持认为，规模愈大，效率愈高，而且每单位产量的成本也愈低。

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They start tweaking their value chain and pursuing greater efficiency through economies of scale.

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The company also said it had improved efficiency through economies of scale, which enhanced underlying profit margins.

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Pfizer's case to investors has a lot to do with the company's already tremendous size, and its ability to wring efficiency out of its scale.

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