But the effect is not just psychological. The cold water also produces a slight physiological cooling effect.

但是这样的效果不光是心理上的，冷水同时也造成了一点生理上的冷却效果。

youdao

And he cites a 2010 study published in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology that shows how service dogs have a physiological effect on autistic kids.

同时2010年的一份调查也发表了一篇神经心理内分泌学文章，阐述了助人犬是怎样影响自闭症儿童心理的。

youdao

Even so, Kalichman said he believes the treatment has a real physiological effect as well.

尽管如此，卡利切曼说，他认为这种疗法也具有切实的生理作用。

youdao

Perhaps, they reason, the treatment -- say a vitamin, or an aspirin -- could have a physiological effect not yet found in studies.

CNN: Is your doctor prescribing a placebo?

"At this stage I would be circumspect about its utility, even if there is a proven physiological or pharmacological effect, " he said.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Drug may help avoid prematurity

During the 17-plus-months of their virtual voyage, the crew took part in various studies to assess the effect their isolation was having on their psychological and physiological well being.

BBC: Simulated Mars mission 'lands' back on Earth