Pollution is. a common form of external cost, a spillover effect of production which uses up other resources by degrading them.

污染是外在成本的共同形式，污染是商品耗费完这个资源又把这个资源退化，生成排放物的结果。

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The Employment Equality (Sex Discrimination) Regulations of 2005 provided clear protection for any woman subjected to "unwanted conduct that has the purpose or effect of violating her dignity or of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for her".

BBC: Jimmy Savile and workplace culture today

Or it has an effect-degrading the reliability and safety of the arsenal-in which case it is a menace.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Test-Ban Trap