应用于教育管理的代表性人物有三,一是美国心理学家E·桑戴克(Edward Thorndike),即“教育科学化”运动的倡导者。他认为“人性的真实情况可以被制成供量化的科学进行研究的材料。
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So we've known for over a hundred years since Edward Thorndike proposed his theory that cognitive training tends to have very specific effects.
自从Edward Thorndike提出他的理论:认知训练具有限定的作用,这一百多年来这一理论已经为我们所熟知。
The phrase was first coined by Edward Thorndike, a psychologist who used it in a study published in 1920 to describe the way that commanding officers rated their soldiers.
这个词语是由心理学家爱德华·桑代克创造的。1920年,他在一份研究军官对士兵评分的研究报告中使用了这个词。
"The intellect, character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received" (Edward L. Thorndike).
“任何人的知识、性格和能力都是由起初的兴趣加上后来接受的训练而得到的。”(爱德华l·桑戴克)。
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