Generation by generation, though, Guan's children and grandchildren climbed higher up the educational ladder, and as they climbed they gathered the material fruit that came of their learning.

不过，一代复一代，关女士的子女和孙辈们攀爬上了更高的教育阶梯，并因为自己的学业而收获了物质果实。

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Worse, employers say that workers from all rungs of the educational ladder do not know how to calculate or communicate effectively.

ECONOMIST: The gold standard loses its gleam