The radial-tracing algorithm and the effective earth model are discussed.

讨论了大气折射的射线追踪算法和等效地球模型；

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The main factors which affect the earth resistance are the earth model and parameters where the grounding body is buried.

影响电力系统接地电阻的主要因素是接地体所在土壤的模型及参数。

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Changing model-building formula in traditional layered earth model, the paper presented a blocky structural model-building method for ray-tracing.

本文改变了传统的层状地层的建模方式，提出了一种射线追踪中块状结构的建模方法。

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This is a special type of Earth model which traces its idealised "horizontal" surface - the plane on which, at any point, the pull of gravity is perpendicular to it.

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This allows the designers to type in the latitude and longitude of any place on Earth and realistically model the landscape.

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Unfortunately, the earth's circumference at the equator is almost 25, 000 miles, so when we try to model the entire earth, and go up into the mesosphere (about 25 to 50 miles above the earth) the picture gets fuzzier.

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