If applicable to humans, the research, done on rodents, suggests that the impact of both childhood education and early abuse could span generations.

如果这项基于啮齿动物的研究同样适用于人类，也就是说，人类的早期教育和童年期虐待产生的影响都可代代相传。

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, we thought nothing of requiring kids to get jobs even before they hit puberty. Few thought of it as abuse.

在19世纪末和20世纪早期，孩子们甚至在青春期都没到之前就被要求开始工作，而很少人有人认为这是虐待。

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More important, though, if abuse in early life has caused hypermethylation, is whether there is any way to undo it.

更重要的是，如果早期的虐待真会导致过甲基化，是否有办法改善它。

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It is beyond controversy that early abuse of any addictive substance spikes the chances of long-term dependence.

FORBES: Keeping The Internet Drug-Free

The trend toward early substance abuse is a cause for special concern.

FORBES: Keeping The Internet Drug-Free

They found that a genotype conferring low levels of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), when combined with early child abuse, predisposed the individual to later antisocial behavior.

WSJ: Neurocriminology: Inside the Criminal Mind