For example, a banking system has bank Customer, Account, Account Transaction, etc., and it does not matter if this is a new e-commerce system or a savings and loan system from the 1890s.

例如，银行系统中的银行顾客、帐户、帐号交易等等。而且它与系统的实现无关，不管是一个新的电子商务系统，或是一个从19世纪80年代就开始使用的借贷系统。

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As mentioned, the vulnerability of a system exists at the entry and exit points within the system. Figure 3 shows an e-Commerce system with several points that the attacker can target.

正如前面所提的，系统的弱点存在于系统的入口和出口处。

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In the case of an e-commerce system, the primary node could be either an order or a customer.

如在一个电子商务系统中，主要节点可以是一个订单或者一个客户。

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They failed to check that their e-commerce system worked as intended.

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The U.S. Chamber of Commerce supports expanding the E-Verify system, which is now used by a fraction of companies, though some states require all businesses to use it to clear new hires.

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The holy grail for e-commerce, however, would be a system in which users had permanent digital certificates on their computers containing details of age, citizenship, sex, professional credentials, and so on.

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