Gallio seeks to remedy this duplicated effort by providing a test automation platform on which others can build.

Gallio正是通过提供一个其他框架均能够构建的测试自动化平台，来解决这种重复性劳动。

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Concatenation strings, usually used to reduce the code lines and duplicated expressions, can be convenient for developers, but sometimes they can require more effort in the globalization phase.

常用于减少代码行数和重复表达的串联字符串对于开发人员来说可能比较方便，但是有时候会导致全球化阶段需要付出更多的努力。

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This reduces the total programming effort by removing duplicated code in the application and by reducing the amount of effort spent in writing database control logic.

通过去除应用中的重复代码，减少编写数据库控制逻辑的工作，这种方案降低了总的编程量。

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But what if the industry, instead of continuing to waste all that money in mega-deals and duplicated effort, decided to revamp its intellectual property (IP) structure?

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The difficulty in every 2nd effort which follows a phenomenal debut is that the unbridled optimism and bandwagon effect cannot be duplicated.

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