Then introduce a new theory of ILC based on prescribed input-output subspace, it requires neither derivatives of the error signals nor dual mapping.

然后介绍了一种新的基于指定输入—输出空间的迭代学习控制思想，它即不需要对误差信号求导数，也不需要知道被控对象的对偶映射。

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I.e. the dual-cameras on the HOM-BOT can show you where the robot is, and mapping presents a display of its path through the house.

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