The relative Solutions to cracks are given by studying the downhill welding process and cracking stress analysis.
通过对下向焊焊接工艺和焊口的受力分析，解析出其产生裂纹的原因，提出了相应的防止对策。
The features of manual downhill welding, semiautomatic welding, automatic welding and other welding technologies like butt flash welding and laser beam welding (LEW) and so on are analyzed.
分析了手工下向焊、半自动焊、自动焊及特种焊等焊接方法的特点，在选择焊接方法时应考虑管道直径、壁厚、管道长度、设计条件、管子级别等因素。
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