And combining the result with Iceland's excellent medical records, which stretch back the best part of a century, means that the map can be used to identify disease genes as they pass from one generation to another.
Ian Lipkin, a Columbia researcher who was an author on the Science paper, says his bee work could provide "a road map for addressing outbreaks of infectious disease" like SARS. Metagenomics could also open a window on the invisible microbes, still undiscovered, that live in the earth, air and sea.