This bulk discount helps the cloud computing provider plan for capacity demands and therefore minimizes the cost and risk of on-demand instances.

这些折扣会帮助云计算供应商规划容量需求，从而将按需实例的成本和风险降到最低。

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Second, it has been trading in low-risk, low-return Treasury debt and buying higher-yielding private debt—discount loans to banks, commercial paper, and mortgage-backed securities, for example.

其二，美联储已经在交易低风险，低回报的国债和购买高收益的私人债券-例如银行贴现贷款，商业票据，和抵押担保证券。

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The market rate of interest can not directly substitute the social discount rate for its defect on preference revealing, interest forming, the reward of risk, etc.

而市场利率由于在偏好揭示、利率形成、风险报酬等方面的缺陷，又不能直接替代社会贴现率。

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According to Reuters, Goods takes on inventory risk getting a discount for buying products in bulk and selling them to consumers at a higher price.

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The theory for the very significant discount was based on the risk that a hypothetical speculative buyer would be taking given that the Elkins did not want the artwork to be sold.

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Traditionally, to entice institutional investors a newly-public business would have to sell shares at about a 15% discount to publicly-traded peers, compensating their new owners for the greater risk inherent in a company with an unproven track record on the public market.

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