Another scenario would be a dirty read where the value is in the process of being updated and another thread reads an old value.

另外一种情况是误读（dirty read），即一个数值正在被修改而另外一个进程读了一个修改前的值。

youdao

Access flags for read-only getter methods, to ensure that Entity EJB instances aren't marked as dirty and persisted into the database unnecessarily when they are read but not updated.

只读的读方法的访问标志，当读取但不更新实体e JB实例时，要确保它们未被标记为dirty并没有不必要地继续保存在数据库中。

youdao

This error can be caused by dirty media, CD-ROM read issues, or problems with memory allocation.

这个错误可能是由媒体污损、CD - ROM读取问题或是记忆体配置的问题所造成。

youdao