Since much of any tax cut will be saved, the stimulus effect of tax cuts is almost always less than the effect of direct spending.

由于每次少收的税很多都被存起来了，减税的刺激效果几乎总是不如直接支出的效果。

youdao

Targets include war spending and direct payments to large agricultural businesses.

VOA: special.2009.02.27

This weekend's deal, on its own, is actually fairly backloaded when it comes to direct spending cuts.

BBC: The US debt deal and the recovery

There is no cast-iron guarantee that the centre can direct spending much better than the localities do.

ECONOMIST: China

She found that parents' time cost is larger, on average, than direct spending, at least until children reach age 12.

WSJ: Kids Can Be Costly Long After They Turn 18