Scaling in tube array of heater for first stage decomposition in urea production has a direct bearing on the output and quality of the product and consumption.

尿素生产中的一段分解加热器列管内的垢层，直接影响到产品的产量、质量和消耗。

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With the rapid scaling down of MOS devices, the direct tunneling current becomes the main factor for MOS device reliability instead of FN tunneling.

随着器件尺寸的迅速减小，直接隧穿电流将代替FN电流而成为影响器件可靠性的主要因素。

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