The "paradox of irrationality" put forward by Davison discloses the dilemma of the irrational argument in practical reasoning.

戴维森提出的“非理性悖论”揭示了非理性论证在实践推理中的两难困境。

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How to get rid of this kind of dilemma? The outlet lies in correctly unveiling the structural relation of relational reasoning and symbolizing it.

怎样摆脱这种两难困境？出路就在于正确揭示关系推理的结构关系并将之符号化。

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Questionnaire and experiments were conducted to explore the parts played by reasoning ability and punishment in the public goods dilemma.

本研究通过问卷以及实验室模拟实验，采用实证的方法研究了推理能力和惩罚在公共物品困境中所起的作用。

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