We can measure the heat capacity at constant volume, and now we have another term, and if we can figure out how to measure it, we'll have a complete form for this differential du which will enable us to calculate du for any process.

我们能够测量恒定体积下的热容，这里我们有另一项，如果能够知道怎么测量它，问我们就有了这个完整的微分式,就能够对任何过程计算。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The process took advantage of an electric charge differential existing between the polymer, which was positively charged, and the bacteria cells, which carried a net negative charge.

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