Sometimes it is useful to examine individual observations to see whether the actual value of the dependent variable is above or below the predicted value.

有时，检验个体观测值来看它的因变量高于还是低于预测值是有用的。

youdao

In this paper a ct algorithm of recovering time-dependent 3-d ionospheric electron density distributions by using GPS observations is suggested.

提出了利用GPS观测数据获得时变三维电离层电子密度分布的一种CT反演算法。

youdao

Because visibility is very dependent on local atmospheric conditions, religious officials in different countries relying on eye-witness observations from volunteers often disagree on the exact moment, sometimes by as much as 3 or 4 days.

FORBES: The Astronomy of Ramadan