4. Measuring the working length under the dental operating microscope （DOM） with digital vernier, recording the number of apical foramen. Measuring the distance between the anatomical apical foramen and the apical vertex and recording their types.5.
④根管显微镜下测量工作长度,记录根尖孔数目,应用数显卡尺测量解剖根尖孔到根尖顶点的距离,统计类型。
参考来源 - 山东地区上颌第二恒磨牙根管系统解剖研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Objective: To explore the use of dental operating microscope with ultrasonic instruments in root canal retreatment.
目的：探讨牙科手术显微镜结合超声工作器械进行根管再治疗的临床应用效果。
Objective To evaluate the use of dental operating microscope and ultrasonic instruments in treating difficult root canal.
目的评价根管显微镜和超声联合应用技术对疑难根管处理的临床应用效果。
PURPOSE: To estimate the diagnostic potential of the dental operating microscope use for locating MB2 orifice in maxillary first molars.
目的：评价手术显微镜用于探寻上颌第一恒磨牙mb 2根管口的诊断价值。
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