Furthermore, shoot mortality was density independent.

并且竹笋的死亡率是非密度制约的。

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Birth and death rates that do not change with density are density independent.

如果出生率和死亡率不随密度的变化而变换，则是非密度制约的。

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Density dependent, density independent and inversely density dependent predatism were mainiy caused by matual interference and aggregation among the predators.

束管食螨瓢虫对猎物的捕食率与猎物密度相关或成逆密度相关，这种现象可能是由聚集强度和干扰强度所引起的。

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