Michigan closed its defined-benefit scheme to entrants back in 1997 and Alaska moved to a defined-contribution plan for new staff in 2006.

密歇根州在1997年就不再对新员工实行养老金固定收益计划，阿拉斯加州于2006年实行了对新员工的养老金固定缴款计划。

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The guarantee implied in a typical defined-benefit scheme is not the sort of risk that a company should be expected to incur.

ECONOMIST: Pensions: How's your pension doing? | The

For example, the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) will provide some new protection for members of private sector defined benefit schemes, where the employer is insolvent and the scheme is under-funded.

BBC: Analysis