Most volcanoes that occur in the interiors of plates are believed to be produced by mantle plumes, columns of molten rock that rise from deep within the mantle.

人们认为，大多数发生在板块内部的火山爆发都是由地幔柱造成的，地幔柱是指从地幔深处涌出的熔岩柱体。

youdao

Finally there are those-a great many, but normally deep under the ocean-formed at the spreading ridges where tectonic plates pull away from each other and new crust is formed.

最后是那些为数甚多、通常低于海平面的火山，它们在板块分离、新壳产生的延展脊状突起上形成。

youdao

Internally it's immediately clear that the removal of floors and walls has literally resulted in more space and daylight, which now floods the 22-metre-deep floor plates of the once dark building.

在内部，显而易见的是通过地板和墙壁的移除产生了更多的空间和阳光，这座大楼曾经是暗沉沉的，现在光线散布在22米深的楼板中的每个角落。

youdao

When the ocean plates sink deep enough, portions are melted by the intense heat generated within the mantle, turning the solid rock into molten magma.

FORBES: 2011 Forecast: World Outperforms U.S., Europe Scuttles

They are also trying to understand the role that deep seas trenches play in earthquakes - these cracks in the sea floor are formed at the boundary of two tectonic plates and some believe the push and pull taking place deep underwater could be the cause of major earthquakes, such as the 2011 quake that resulted in such devastation in Japan.

BBC: James Cameron back on surface after deepest ocean dive

But it was only three years ago that vents were first detected in the Cayman Trough, a deep trench formed by the boundary between two tectonic plates.

BBC: Deepest undersea vents discovered by UK team