He is also the first one to tell the difference between superficial grammar and deep grammar, the former is shown on the surface of language while the latter is the deep analysis of language in use.

维特根斯坦还首先提出了表层语法与深层语法的区分，指出表层语法是显现于语言表面的语法，深层语法是对出现于语言实际运用中的语言形式所作的内在分析。

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The syntactic component of a grammar must specify, for each sentence, a deep structure that determines its semantic interpretation.

语法规范的语法成分必须为每个句子指定具有确定语义解释的深层结构。

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The transformational grammar shows that the deep structure of a sentence can be transformed into its surface structure suitable to the grammar.

转换语法指出转换就是将句子的深层结构转换成符合句子语法的表层结构。

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