Using general system theory, we present large scale system models of de-centralized, centralized, and coordinated decision making systems.

本文中利用一般系统理论讨论了分散、集中和协调系统的大系统模型。

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Military commanders depend on a complex network of command and Control (C2) systems to provide critical information to support decision making.

军事指挥人员依赖一种指挥控制(C2)系统的复杂网络，提供关键信息来支持决策制定。

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Moreover, measuring outcomes is relatively easy to do; decision-making–based reward systems will be more complex.

此外，基于结果的评价是比较容易做到的，而基于决策的奖励制度将复杂得多。

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Medical informaticists, researchers and innovative companies are focusing on this essential limitation of medical decision-making by designing information systems to be used by physicians at the point of care, during the patient encounter.

FORBES: Do You Believe Doctors Are Systems, My Friends?

Hosted by The Health Data Initiative, the event brings together over 1, 000 health data stakeholders and showcases how health data can create services, tools and applications to support more informed decision-making by patients, health care systems, and community officials.

FORBES: Todd Park Invites Food & Tech Innovators to the Health Datapalooza

So why have many traditional business organizations been slow to embrace collaborative decision making instead of relying on command-control systems?

FORBES: The Case for Crowdsourcing Innovation and Social Change