From the city layouts and functioning point of view, dense city theory and decentralized city theory represent two fundamental arguments in modern urban planning study.

从城市形态上来看，分散论和集中论体现了现代城市规划设计的两种基本主张。

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The second part is case studies of present situation and urban planning of China's medium or small-scale cities, aiming at finding out their roots of decentralized layout.

其次是对中国中小城市现状及规划实例的分析，针对中欧城市的差异及中国中小城市现状建设的问题，总结出我国中小城市布局分散化的根源。

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Where planning is concerned, the international agencies should, the Group agreed, support innovation, decentralized planning, South-South experience-sharing, and be more transparent as to their own roles.

UNESCO: Bulletin on EFA action worldwide No.45

Businessmen give America its highest ranking, 10th place, for decentralized planning, which means they think that state and local governments control most important decisions pertaining to their businesses, not the federal government.

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Summarizing those criteria, the policy to be applied required a comprehensive, integrated approach, where broad participation in the project starting right from the planning stage and decentralized strategies along with ecologic and economic feasibility have been the main guidelines.

UNESCO: Background