The traditional Collaborative Filtering has shortcoming as follows: accuracy, data sparse and cold-start.

传统的协同过滤主要存在着：精确性、数据稀疏与冷启动的问题。

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Collaborative filtering is a successful technology in information push, but this method has encountered data sparse, cold start and other issues.

协同过滤是目前应用较为成功的信息推送技术，但也遇到了数据稀疏性、冷启动等种种问题。

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Peter Thorne, a climatologist at the Co-operative Institute for Climate and Satellites, in North Carolina, describes it as "quite a hard sell in periods that are data sparse".

北卡罗来纳州的卫星气象合作机构的气象学家Peter Thorne说：“在数据稀少的时间段中，这种研究结果很难让人信服。”

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Make your library work efficiently with sparse data.

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But data on phytoplankton populations is sparse.

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Working out whether a default in a portfolio is likely to be an isolated event, or is a harbinger of more to come, is especially tricky, not least because data on credit defaults are relatively sparse.

ECONOMIST: Credit derivatives