The Data Abstract Layer consists of a single class to provide location-related data to the business layer (see Figure 3).

数据抽象层包含一个类，用于向业务层提供关于位置的信息（请参见图 3）。

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Data is retrieved from the location Data Provider — a Data Abstract Layer (DAL) component — which caches all locations in memory.

从位置数据提供者检索数据，这是一个数据抽象层(DAL)组件，在内存中缓存所有位置。

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The example in this article consists of the Data Abstract Layer (DAL), Data Transfer Objects (DTOs), the Business Logic Layer (BLL), the Presentation Layer, and supporting helper classes.

本文中的示例包含数据抽象层（DAL）、数据传输对象（DTO）、业务逻辑层（BLL）、表示层和用于支持的 helper 类。

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And the problem is, that we want to build this abstract data type, but we'd like to basically know what kind of object is it, and what functions actually belong to it, how do we use them?

然后我对它们运行了这个方法，就是这一小段代码这个方法,这有意义么？,当然没有了，对不对？,因为你知道，当你把两个极坐标，表示的点进行相加运算的时候？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

A synonym for this is an abstract data type.

还有文献资料等等。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

What we're really doing, or I shouldn't say what we're really doing, a basic piece of what we're doing, when we talk about classes or objects, is we're doing something that Professor Guttag mentioned, we're defining an abstract data type.

或者我不应该，说我们真正要做的，当我谈到类或者对象的时候，我们在做的基本的东西，如Guttag教授提到的,就是定义一个抽象数据类型，那么这到底是什么意思呢？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

Let them see with their own eyes, and not only through aggregated, abstract data.

FORBES: Four Ways to Increase the Urgency Needed for Change -- Part I

The insights that were shared at this event will help address the gap that is created when the science of climate change is based on abstract data and separated from local and cultural considerations.

UNESCO: Natural Science

In each of the examples above, we witness the compelling effect of data transformed from an abstract state to a physical representation on a map, instantly bringing it to life.

FORBES: Why Animated Data Maps Work So Well