All of them are churning out damaging emissions.

而且整个过程都会产生大量的有害气体。

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Experience with pollution charges in Colombia, China and Philippines has shown that managers embrace serious pollution controls when they face recurring and expensive charges for damaging emissions.

哥伦比亚、中国和菲律宾在污染收费方面的经验表明，当经营者面对经常性的高额的危害性排放收费时，他们就会认真采取控制污染的措施。

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She says emissions from aviation are particularly damaging because they occur at high altitudes, which she says makes taking trains a better way to travel.

她说，航空排放的废气由于发生在高空，因此格外具有破坏性。因此，她认为乘坐火车是更好的旅行方式。

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And without parallel measures to cover aviation's non-CO2 emissions at least twice as damaging as its CO2 emissions alone its purchase of the right to emit a tonne of CO2 from a ground source will be a net disbenefit to the environment.

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But high-altitude carbon emissions are reckoned to be more damaging than low-level ones, although nobody is sure by exactly how much.

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Particularly damaging was an EPA rule finalized in February 2012 that created new emissions standards for coal- and oil-fired electric utilities.

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