Earthquake excitation is represented by random process and structural damage is assessed in terms of maximum displacement and accumulated energy dissipation.

地震扰动用随机过程表示，结构的破坏用最大位移和累积能量耗损两个参数来评定。

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The displacement damage due to non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) is the main reason of device-malfunction in spatial radiation environments.

非电离能损(NIEL)引起的位移损伤是导致空间辐射环境中新型光电器件失效的主要因素。

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Hence, for such kind of damage, using the new damage indicator, namely, displacement integration, to identify structural damage should be paid more attention.

因此，就此类损伤而言，可以考虑用位移积分这一新的损伤指标对结构的损伤进行检测和分析。

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It would be difficult to say exactly what caused the population displacement or who might be responsible for the damage from the images, according to the report.

BBC: Sri Lanka images 'prove damage'