A number of neurotransmitters exert their effects by first increasing cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons.

许多神经递质首先通过增加靶神经元中的循环 AMP 浓度来发挥其作用。

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Cyclic AMP binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A: Protein kinase A phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase.

环腺苷酸结合蛋白激酶的调节亚基：一个磷酸化蛋白激酶磷酸化酶激酶。

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This might support a cyclic universe model -since it gets you around problems with entropy.

这一模型支持循环宇宙模型，因为它可以解决熵的问题。

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When a certain enzyme is activated inside cells, ATP gets converted into a molecule called cyclic AMP, and cyclic AMP is an example of one of these molecules called second messengers.

细胞内的某种酶被激活后,ATP就能转化为一种叫cAMP的分子,cAMP是一种第二信使分子的范例

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If another receptor operating from a different ligand does the same thing, generates an enzyme which causes cyclic AMP to increase, the rate of cyclic AMP increase is going to go up faster than if only one of these was activated.

如果受另一种配体激活的受体,能够完成相同的过程,即激活一种能够促进cAMP生成的酶,cAMP的生成速率会比,只有其中之一被激活时更加快

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.

它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In this model, the big bang is the result of a collision of two branes in a cyclic universe.

FORBES: Cosmic Inflation Model Gets A Boost From Planck Data

Once linaclotide reaches the gut, it binds to a receptor on the lining of the intestine and activates a cellular messenger called cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

FORBES: Brains Over Guts

During his presentation at Cambridge last week (see last post), Professor Paul Shellard mentioned that the new Planck data render many cyclic models, including the ekpyrotic universe, a lot less likely.

FORBES: Cosmic Inflation Model Gets A Boost From Planck Data