To see how this works, begin by creating a custom exception class that extends Zend_Exception, as in Listing 13.

要了解它是如何工作的，我们要先通过扩展Zend_Exception创建一个自定义异常类，如清单13所示？

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Render Options in Rails 3 - Yehuda Katz looks at how Rails 3's rendering pipeline works and demonstrates how to add a custom PDF renderer to it.

—— Yehuda Katz关于Rails 3的渲染通道工作，并演示了如何添加自定义的PDF格式渲染器（render）。

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The custom JAAS callback handler described here is called the ClientIdCallbackHandler; it is relatively short and this article explains how it works.

这里描述的自定义JAAS回调处理程序称为ClientIdCallbackHandler；该程序较为简短，本文将阐释其工作原理。

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