Conde-Agudelo a, Belizan JM, Lammers C. Maternal-perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent pregnancy in Latin America: Cross-sectional study.

Conde - Agudelo a, Belizan JM, Lammers C .，《与拉丁美洲少女怀孕有关的孕产-产前发病率和死亡率：截面研究》。

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Foetal development may also be affected by some medications which can cross the placenta during pregnancy.

母亲用药会通过胎盘影响到胎儿。

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Caffeine is dangerous during pregnancy, Li said, because it can cross through the placenta to the fetus and can be difficult for the fetus to metabolize the caffeine.

CNN: Study: Caffeine may boost miscarriage risk