The cost oriented machine design and the methods of cost estimating like parametric estimating, feature based costing are discussed.

用参数化的方法进行面向机械设计的成本评估，同时讨论了基于零件特征的成本分析。

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Subscription based cloud computing model becomes a fixed cost to a controllable service of many business oriented strategy models.

订阅式云计算模型成为许多面向业务战略模型的一个可控服务的固定成本。

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Most were small, domestically oriented firms that combined low cost, low quality and exploitation of workers, says Mr Hassenfeld.

哈森·菲尔德先生说，其中绝大多数是小规模的、面向国内的公司，它们成本低、质量差并且剥削工人。

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Defined contribution retirement plans, in addition to shifting responsibility for investment decision-making onto workers, almost always force workers into higher cost, poorer performing retail oriented investment options.

FORBES: A Nation on the Precipice: Our Failed Retirement System (October 12, 2007)

Dr Jacob Puliyel, a paediatrician in Delhi, wrote in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics last year that "the polio eradication programme epitomises nearly everything that is wrong with donor-funded 'disease specific' vertical projects, at the cost of investments in community-oriented primary care".

BBC: Bill Gates: The world can defeat polio

Its engineering is based in Grenoble thanks to its university that attracts talent from around Europe and the US. Grenoble is both multi-cultural and has lower costs than Paris making it a cost-effective place to hire engineers who will be oriented towards collaboration with people of different cultures.

FORBES: Why France's BonitaSoft Opened A San Francisco Office