Target Costing (TC) Management and Activity-based Costing (ABC) Management are advanced cost management models.

目标成本管理和作业成本管理是较为先进的成本管理模式。

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This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing.

这种代谢消耗可能是由于唱歌或与唱歌相关的行为中涉及的肌肉和神经活动所产生的。

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Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior.

这种行为的另一个潜在代价是更大程度地暴露在捕食者面前，因为玩耍是获得注意力的行为。

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They raise the cost of economic activity and allow less of it to take place.

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Whether tax rate increases are totally self-defeating or only partially so, their cost in reduced economic activity is high relative to tax revenue gained.

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Based on volumes of activity and current cost structures of many banks, operating costs may need to fall by 20%-45% and the balance sheet by 50%-75%, through closing or selling branches, products, business lines, and even entire regions.

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