Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive.

在那之前，欧洲的书都是手工抄写的，所以很贵。

youdao

Monks copied books by hand.

僧侣手抄书籍。

youdao

If I copied your poem by hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally unregulated by the 1790 act.

如果我一起又一次的手抄了你的诗歌，这好比用心记住这首诗，1790年的法律对这种行为完全不管。

youdao

Since I may not be able to print or even cut and paste from the document, I would have lost the information unless I copied it by hand.

BBC: Pencil and paper

While some posters are reproduced as prints, most are copied up to 100 times each by hand.

FORBES: Dictator Chic

This was precisely because they could not convince the judge that the site had a hand in directly distributing illegally copied material.

ECONOMIST: Internet piracy