To reach the ground state, physicists had to cool their beams to nearly absolute zero.They also had to make the quanta as large as possible by making a beam stiffer to increase its frequency.

为了实现真正的基态，物理学家不得不将光束冷却到接近绝对零度，他们还要通过使光束保持静止来增大其频率，让量子尺度变得尽可能大。

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To reach the ground state, physicists had to cool their beams to nearly absolute zero. They also had to make the quanta as large as possible by making a beam stiffer to increase its frequency.

为了实现真正的基态，物理学家不得不将光束冷却到接近绝对零度，他们还要通过使光束保持静止来增大其频率，让量子尺度变得尽可能大。

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The air around the particle heats up, but the hollow center of the beam stays cool.

粒子周围的空气受热，但光束的空心部分仍然保持原来的温度。

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