The volume is fixed by measuring a specific gas (liquid) of controlled temperature and pressure using a sample measurement tube.

通过使用样品测量管测量受控温度和压力的特定气体(液体)来固定体积。

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The sample temperature is controlled with a fluid circulator.

样品温度是由一个流动的循环器来控制的。

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Furthermore, the temperature and weight of the sample can be measured and controlled precisely. This equipment can be used for research and optimization of the freeze-drying process.

该装置还能对温度、样品重量等进行准确地测量和控制，可用于多种样品冷冻干燥过程的研究和优化。

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Up until recently, the predominant approach has been frequentist statistics, the kind you most likely learned in school, which utilizes controlled variables and large sample sizes to arrive at conclusions that are statistically significant.

FORBES: Strategy at Digital Speed

The one-metre-long remote-controlled chopper allows Dr Acevedo-Whitehouse's team to take a sample without the whales being disturbed.

BBC: How do you breathalyse a whale?