This subcontracting goes on recursively to make the contract chain sometimes as long as 5 or 6 hops.

这种分包的方式会不断延伸，有时候整个合同链条长达6、7个环节。

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Supply-chain or contract agriculture, by which farmers supply specific outlets or companies under strict growing and marketing arrangements, has become widespread: in 1997, two-thirds of all such contracts involved small farmers, but they accounted for only 27% of the total value of production.

ECONOMIST: Farming

For Song to fulfill his dream, he must overcome the same challenge that faces all Asian contract manufacturers aiming to move up the value chain.

FORBES: Companies, People, Ideas

Further, the firm will also try to control costs by trying to improve contract management, expand a globally coordinated supply chain initiative and reduce energy consumption, among other targets, Rollinson said.

FORBES: Kinross: Main Focus Will Be On Increasing Margin And Prioritizing Cash Flow