[Rachel n. Carmody, Gil S. Weintraub and Richard W. Wrangham, "Energetic consequences of thermal and nonthermal food processing"] food's energy value is usually measured before consumption.

(蕾切尔卡莫尼，吉尔·温特劳布和理查德·沃尔汉姆提到，“食品热加工和非热加工产生的能量不同。”)通常食物能量值的计算以消耗前为准。

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The consumption of caustic soda is mainly caused by formation of sodium hydrate aluminosilicate and it can be calculated from the ratio of N/S of red mud.

拜耳法生产氧化铝的过程中，碱耗的主要原因是因为有钠硅渣的生成，碱耗可以用赤泥钠硅比（N/S）表征。

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One of the reasons why so much first- and second-generation rock 'n' roll has aged so badly is that most of it was created by young people for consumption by even younger people.

WSJ: How to Be an Aging Rocker | Sightings by Terry Teachout