This functional form builds in the property that larger parks provide more value at a diminishing rate, but there is an effect from congestion.

这个函数表示公园的效用以递减的幅度随公园面积的增加而增加，同时随参观人数的增加而减少。 这个函数说明了为什么要公共建设公园。

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If it can be controlled effectively, the disadvantaged effect of congestion of network will be controlled. Otherwise the local congestion will lead the paralysis of whole network.

如果能对这种现象加以有效的控制，阻塞对网络所产生的不利影响也将得到控制，否则网络局部的阻塞，可能引起整个网络的瘫痪。

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In this model the effect of downstream congestion on the upstream flow is considered.

此模型中考虑了下游阻塞车流对上游的影响。

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Although there are a relatively small number of pedicabs operating in a small part of central London, they have a disproportionate effect on traffic congestion and congregate in pedestrian areas, TfL claims.

BBC: Pedicabs law change call by London mayor Boris Johnson

Campaigners against the road remain unconvinced it would reduce congestion and are worried about the effect on the environment.

BBC: Witney Cogges Link Road inquiry delayed by high turnout