Many processes are used to prepare transparent conductive films, such as magnetron sputtering, vacuum reactive evaporation, chemical vapor depositions, Sol-gel, laser-pulsed deposition.

多种工艺可以用来制备透明导电薄膜，如磁控溅射真空反应蒸发、化学气相沉积、溶胶-凝胶法以及脉冲激光沉积等。

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Firstly, ITO conductive anode films were fabricated on glass tube substrates by sol-gel process.

首先，本文重点研究了ITO薄膜的溶胶—凝胶制备工艺。

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Worse, it also requires the use of conductive gel, which hardly makes for a consumer-friendly product.

ECONOMIST: MONITOR