To be sure, psychological addiction can exist in the absence of physical substance dependence — how else to explain compulsive gambling?

可以肯定的是，心理成瘾有其物质基础- - -否则嗜赌成瘾作何解释？

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Critics argue that although casinos elsewhere provide employment and a net economic benefit, they can also increase the incidence of compulsive gambling and local deprivation.

批评者认为，尽管他国赌场提供了就业机会和经济净效益，赌博成瘾和地区贫困化的概率也增加了。

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The study looked at 30 compulsive gamblers who sought treatment at England's National Problem Gambling Clinic. It was published in the journal Psychological Medicine.

这项研究观察了30个上瘾的赌徒，他们在英国国家问题赌博诊所接受治疗。发表在了心理医学杂志上。

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Most compulsive shoppers have other problems as well, including depression, anxiety or other addictions, including compulsive sexual behavior, Internet addiction or compulsive gambling.

CNN: The dark side of shopping

Barkley is known for his compulsive gambling.

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But is compulsive sexuality really similar to pathological gambling or even compulsive shopping?

FORBES: The Shadowy Science Of Sex Addiction