Because complex species interactions may be involved, identifying a keystone species by removing the species and observing changes in the ecosystem is problematic.

由于其中可能涉及复杂的物种相互作用，通过移除一个关键物种并观察生态系统的变化来确定该物种是有问题的。

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The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.

物种在共生关系中复杂的相互作用突出了群落的一个重要特点：它们的结构取决于生物之间多样的联系网络。

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Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities.

支持这一观点的是，长期存在的顶极群落通常比先锋群落有更复杂的食物网和更多的物种多样性。

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Trees have complex interactions with other species, some of which are necessary for their healthy growth.

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The ocean is a complex web of marine life, with many species being driven to extinction year after year.

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Fuxianhuia protensa, the species of the critter, now suggests that the earliest insects may have evolved from species' that already had a complex brain.

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