Competitive procurement, i. e. full and open competition, provides different contracting methods with different level of competition, as follows.

竞争性采购，比如完全公开竞争，提供了不同的合同方案代表不同程度的竞争，如下。

youdao

Sealed bidding is a competitive procurement method used when the best value is expected to result from a selection of the lowest evaluated priced offer.

密封投标是一个竞争性采购方式，期望从所有报价中选择最低报价而获得最大受益的方法。

youdao

In evaluating closed-bid competitive procurement auctions, the most crucial issue is to determine the probability of placing a winning bid for a given markup level.

在评价公开招标拍卖的竞争性采购，最关键的问题是，以确定的概率放置一个中标的某一标记的水平。

youdao

But now companies like Hershey are recognizing that they must change the way they approach the global procurement of raw materials in order to remain competitive.

FORBES: How a Hershey Bar might prove mightier than a gun

Businesses need to determine the processes where they can drive strategic differentiation and then begin that automation process, Hurd said, adding that those slices of competitive advantage can differ from company to company and industry to industry: sometimes Customer Experience, sometimes procurement, sometimes supply chain or something else.

FORBES: Oracle's Mark Hurd: What CEOs Want from CIOs