IM have experienced literature management, computer management, information resource management, competitive intelligence management and evolved into KM.

信息管理经历了文献管理、计算机管理、信息资源管理、竞争性情报管理，演进到知识管理。

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The construction of competitive intelligence literature statistical index system of Research University.

研讨型大学竞争情报文献统计指标体系的构建。

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Strategic management literature approaches competitive advantage mainly from the perspective of economic profit and value creation.

战略管理文献主要从经济利润和价值创造的角度考察竞争优势。

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Promotional literature now stresses such competitive advantages as the low cost of housing and the abundance of higher education and medical facilities.

FORBES: Magazine Article

The analytic literature puts the average winning bid at one-third to two-thirds below competitive prices.

FORBES: The Federal Government's Deeply Flawed System For Controlling Medicare Costs