The structure and the mechanisms of the credit market, including the competing mechanism, the interest-rate mechanism, the fund reward ratio and the credit contract.

第二，从信贷市场结构和机制角度，分析了竞争机制、利率机制、资金报酬率及信贷契约等对西部欠发达地区信贷市场的影响。

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Chile went first, in 1981, with mandatory individual retirement accounts administered by competing fund-management companies.

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The typical competing fund these days turns over its portfolio in a little more than a year.

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With so much turmoil in the venture capital business, from the rise of competing super-angel investors to tepid fund returns for the past 10 years to some big IPO duds this year from the likes of Facebook, the future of this economic engine of innovation is pretty murky.

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